P0054
 
P0054
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Personal Data
Surname Eltham (Plantagenet)
First name John
Nickname  
Dating 1336
Location London
Life dates b. 25 August 1316 Eltham Palace, Kent
d. 13 September 1336 (aged 20) St. John's Town (now Perth), Scotland
Burial January 1337 Westminster Abbey, London
Title Prince, Count of Cornwall, 1st Earl of Cornwall
was heir to the English throne from the date of the abdication of his father (25 January 1327) to the birth of his nephew Edward of Woodstock (15 June 1330)
Heir to the English Throne as heir presumptive (25 January 1327 – 15 June 1330)
Earl of Cornwall (6 October 1328 – 13 September 1336)
Close relatives father - (2nd son of) Edward II of Carnarvon, King of England (d.1327)
mother - Isabella of France (d.1358), sister of King Charles the Fourth
brother - Edward III
Type of the object tomb effigy
Place of manufacturing
(place of burial)
St Edmund's Chapel, Westminster Abbey, London, Great Britain
Place of exposition Victoria & Albert Museum, London, UK
Date of manufacturing  
Artist
designed by mason William Ramsay III
probably by the same artist who made Edward II's effigy
Comments

The recumbent effigy has a moustache and is wearing mixed mail and plate armour with a sword and a shield with John’s coat of arms carved on it (the three lions of England with a border of fleur de lys) and his legs are crossed (contrary to popular belief this does not mean he was a Crusader). The angels who support the head cushions are ready to bear his soul to Heaven. A lion lies at his feet, a symbol of strength and loyalty. No inscription ever seems to have been put on the monument. Around the tomb base are small figures or “weepers” of kings and queens, probably representing members of John’s family. The best preserved weepers are on the north side as they are protected by the chapel screen. There are no coats of arms remaining below the figures so they cannot be identified. There was originally an elaborate canopy over the tomb but this was broken at a funeral in 1776 and later removed.

Coat-of-arms: England with a bordure azure charged with fleurs-de-lis or.
As Earl of Cornwall, John had use of the coat of arms of the kingdom, differenced by a bordure France (i.e. azure semy of fleur-de-lys or)
was three times regent when Edward III was absent. The canopy was broken in 1776 and unfortunately removed
In 1328 John was created Earl of Cornwall by his elder brother King Edward III
6 October 1328, the year after his brother Edward's accession to the crown, John of Eltham was created Earl of Cornwall in a parliament at Salisbury. The next year Edward journeyed to France to do homage for his lands there; and Prince John was made "Custos of the kingdom and King's Lieutenant while he went beyond the seas."
In 1334 a third proposal of marriage was made between the Prince and Mary, daughter of Ferdinand, King of Spain. The agreement was drawn up and all was settled. The wedding however was not to be. "For in the month following being in Scotland in St. John's Town (now Perth) he died in October, 1334, at his nineteenth year of age."

He is clad in plate armor, and wears the cyclas, a curious garment cut much shorter in front than behind; "beneath it, the gambeson; then the coat of mail; and lastly the haqueton." The Prince's sword-handle, ornamented with lion's heads, is beautifully sculptured; and the shield has three splendid lions on it—the English royal arms—bordered with the French fleur-de-lis. Round his helmet is a coronet, which is remarkable as the first of the kind known. It is of the ducal form with greater and lesser trefoil leaves alternately, instead of the usual circlet.

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